Wednesday or Friday?
The observances of what is known as Good Friday and Easter Sunday have perpetuated the traditional chronology that the crucifixion took place on a Friday, and that the Lord's body was buried on that day at about 6:00 p.m., and that he rose from the dead early on the following Sunday morning. There are some, however, that feel this tradition is at variance with the scriptural record. One of the problems is reckoning "three days" between Friday evening and Sunday morning. Jesus' definitive statement is one of the problems:
"For as Jonah was three days and three nights in the whale's belly; so shall the Son of man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth (Matthew 12:40)."
The mention of nights, as well as the number of days, makes it hard to render this as simply an idiomatic rhetorical device rather than a statement of fact.
The Sabbaths
Nowhere in the Gospels does it assert that Christ was crucified on a Friday. In Mark 15:42, it refers to "...the day before the sabbath." This may be the root of the misunderstanding. The Jews had other sabbaths in addition to the weekly shabbat (Saturday). In addition to the weekly sabbaths, there were seven "high sabbaths" each year, and the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the 15th of Nisan, was one of them. Further, Matthew 28:1 should read, "At the end of the sabbaths," (which is plural in the Greek), implying there was a plurality of sabbaths that week. If Passover, the 14th of Nisan, fell earlier in the week, the 15th could have been any day prior to Saturday, the weekly Sabbath. "When the sabbaths were past" would, of course, be Sunday (actually, Saturday after sundown), in accordance to the Feast of First Fruits. (Some hold to a Thursday crucifixion on a similar basis.)
17th of Nisan
Jesus had declared that He would be in the grave three days, and yet was to be resurrected "on the morrow after the sabbath," on the day of the Feast of First Fruits. It is interesting that the authorities, anxious to get the body off the cross before sundown, unknowingly were fulfilling God's predetermined plan, "according to the Scriptures." Noah's flood ended on the 17th day of the 7th month. This month becomes the 1st month at the institution of the Passover. Our new beginning in Christ was on the anniversary of the Earth's "new beginning" under Noah! Israel's new beginning, the crossing of the Red Sea, is believed to have been on the 17th of Nisan. Also, in their flight after Passover, Israel retrieved the body of Joseph from his tomb. After Passover, Jesus was retrieved from another Joseph's tomb on this date.
The Jericho Journey
Another problem with a Friday crucifixion is John 12:1: "Then Jesus six days before the Passover came to Bethany..." (from Jericho). If the Friday view can be accepted, then six days earlier was the weekly shabbat, and on this day such a journey was legally out of the question for any devout Jew.
Summary
As for the Friday or Wednesday issue, there are many good scholars on each side of this controversy. I personally have become rather cynical toward any tradition that is not supported by Scripture. Good Friday is the "traditional" view. The Wednesday crucifixion is known as the "reconstructed view." This article is intended to stimulate study and constructive conversation during this season. However the important thing is that the tomb was empty. The authorities made sure that this was indisputable. Indeed, He is risen! That is why we celebrate the life, death and resurrection of Jesus throughout the year as opposed to just one Sunday.
Labels: crucifixion
posted by Bradford L. Stevens @ 6:29 AM
1 comments
1 Comments:
I agree, Brad, the traditional view has some difficulty. If you work backwards from both approaches, the traditional view leaves a day that is difficult to fill with activity, which seems strange for all the Gospels in this most critical week. It would seem the best way to reconstruct the events is for the 'last supper' to be on our Wed night which would be Thurs for Jews the 14th since their day begins at sun down. Later that day, Thurs the 14th, the Pascal lamb is slaughtered and the Passover meal is eaten that night which is actually Friday the 15th. But the 15th, even though it would be a Friday, would still be observed as a Sabbath. This is why John's account seems to indicate that the 'last supper' was before the Passover and why the Jews who had Jesus arrested will not enter Caiaphas's palace for fear that they will be ceremonially unclean and not able to eat the Passover. Another interesting aspect of looking at the the time table this way, it explains perfectly John 18:31-33 "Now it was the day of Preparation, and the next day was to be a special Sabbath. Because the Jews did not want the bodies left on the crosses during the Sabbath, they asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies taken down. {32} The soldiers therefore came and broke the legs of the first man who had been crucified with Jesus, and then those of the other. {33} But when they came to Jesus and found that he was already dead, they did not break his legs." And this puts Jesus death on the same day as the slaughter of the Pascal Lamb. Paul calls Jesus our Passover Lamb in 1 Cor. 5:7!
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